Research & Resources | CBP Precision Spine Center

Peer-reviewed CBP® research

Systematic reviews & protocols

Oakley PA, Ehsani NN, Moustafa IM, Harrison DE. Restoring cervical lordosis by cervical extension traction methods in the treatment of cervical spine disorders: a systematic review of controlled trials. J Phys Ther Sci. 2021;33(10):784–794. View study ↗
Oakley PA, Ehsani NN, Moustafa IM, Harrison DE. Restoring lumbar lordosis: a systematic review of controlled trials utilizing Chiropractic BioPhysics® (CBP®) non-surgical approach to increasing lumbar lordosis in the treatment of low back disorders. J Phys Ther Sci. 2020;32(9):601–610. View study ↗
Oakley PA, Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Haas JW. Evidence-based protocol for structural rehabilitation of the spine and posture: review of Clinical Biomechanics of Posture (CBP®) publications. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2005;49(4):270–296.

Randomized trials — cervical spine

Moustafa IM, Diab AA, Hegazy F, Harrison DE. Demonstration of central conduction time and neuroplastic changes after cervical lordosis rehabilitation in asymptomatic subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2021;11:15379. View study ↗
Moustafa IM, Diab AA, Harrison DE. The efficacy of cervical lordosis rehabilitation for nerve root function and pain in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a randomized trial with 2-year follow-up. J Clin Med. 2022;11(21):6515. View study ↗
Moustafa IM, Diab AA, Harrison DE. Does improvement towards a normal cervical sagittal configuration aid in the management of lumbosacral radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Med. 2022;11(19):5768. View study ↗

Randomized & controlled trials — lumbar spine

Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Changes in sagittal lumbar configuration with a new method of extension traction: nonrandomized clinical controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(11):1585–1591. View study ↗
Diab AA, Moustafa IM. Lumbar lordosis rehabilitation for pain and lumbar segmental motion in chronic mechanical low back pain: a randomized trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012;35(4):246–253.
Moustafa IM, Diab AA. Extension traction treatment for patients with discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012.

Clinical case research

Haas JW, Woodham T, Oakley PA, Fortner MO, Harrison D. The Subjective and Objective Improvement Using Chiropractic BioPhysics® Protocols. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e50533. View study ↗

Scoliosis rehabilitation & bracing research

Negrini S, Donzelli S, Negrini A, Parzini S, Romano M, Zaina F. Specific exercises reduce the need for bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A practical clinical trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;62(2):69–76. View study ↗
Zaina F, Poggio M, Donzelli S, Negrini S. Can bracing help adults with chronic back pain and scoliosis? Short-term results from a pilot study. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2018;42(4):410–414. View study ↗
Donzelli S, Zaina F, Minnella S, Lusini M, Negrini S. Consistent and regular daily wearing improve bracing results: a case-control study. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018;13:16. View study ↗
Negrini A, Negrini MG, Donzelli S, Romano M, Zaina F, Negrini S. Scoliosis-specific exercises can reduce the progression of severe curves in adult idiopathic scoliosis: a long-term cohort study. Scoliosis. 2015;10:20. View study ↗
Zaina F, de Mauroy JC, Donzelli S, et al. SOSORT Award Winner 2015: a multicentre study comparing the SPoRT and ART braces effectiveness according to the SOSORT-SRS recommendations. Scoliosis. 2015;10:23. View study ↗
Negrini S, Donzelli S, Lusini M, Minnella S, Zaina F. The effectiveness of combined bracing and exercise in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a prospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:263. View study ↗
Lusini M, Donzelli S, Minnella S, Zaina F, Negrini S. Brace treatment is effective in idiopathic scoliosis over 45°: an observational prospective cohort controlled study. Spine J. 2014;14(9):1951–6. View study ↗
Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini A, Romano M, Negrini S. SpineCor, exercise and SPoRT rigid brace: what is the best for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Short term results from 2 retrospective studies. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;176:361–4. View study ↗
Negrini S, Negrini F, Fusco C, Zaina F. Idiopathic scoliosis patients with curves more than 45 Cobb degrees refusing surgery can be effectively treated through bracing with curve improvements. Spine J. 2011;11(5):369–80. View study ↗
Negrini S, Atanasio S, Fusco C, Zaina F. Effectiveness of complete conservative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (bracing and exercises) based on SOSORT management criteria: results according to the SRS criteria for bracing studies — SOSORT Award 2009 Winner. Scoliosis. 2009;4:19. View study ↗
Negrini S, Zaina F, Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S. Specific exercises reduce brace prescription in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective controlled cohort study with worst-case analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40(6):451–5. View study ↗
Negrini S, Atanasio S, Negrini F, Zaina F, Marchini G. The Sforzesco brace can replace cast in the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a controlled prospective cohort study. Scoliosis. 2008;3:15. View study ↗
Negrini S, Atanasio S, Zaina F, Romano M, Parzini S, Negrini A. End-growth results of bracing and exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Prospective worst-case analysis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2008;135:395–408. View study ↗
Negrini S, Marchini G. Efficacy of the symmetric, patient-oriented, rigid, three-dimensional, active (SPoRT) concept of bracing for scoliosis: a prospective study of the Sforzesco versus Lyon brace. Eura Medicophys. 2007;43(2):171–81. View study ↗
Negrini S, Negrini A, Romano M, Verzini N, Negrini A, Parzini S. A controlled prospective study on the efficacy of SEAS.02 exercises in preventing progression and bracing in mild idiopathic scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2006;123:523–6. View study ↗
Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Cazzaniga D, Rocca B, Ferrante S. Active self-correction and task-oriented exercises reduce spinal deformity and improve quality of life in subjects with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J. 2014;23:1204–14. View study ↗
Weiss HR, Weiss G, Petermann F. Incidence of curvature progression in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with scoliosis in-patient rehabilitation (SIR): an age- and sex-matched controlled study. Pediatr Rehabil. 2003;6(1):23–30. View study ↗
Rigo M, Reiter Ch, Weiss HR. Effect of conservative management on the prevalence of surgery in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Pediatr Rehabil. 2003;6(3-4):209–14. View study ↗
de Mauroy JC, Journe A, Gagaliano F, Lecante C, Barral F, Pourret S. The new Lyon ARTbrace versus the historical Lyon brace: a prospective case series of 148 consecutive scoliosis with short time results after 1 year — SOSORT Award 2015 Winner. Scoliosis. 2015;10:26. View study ↗
McIntire KL, Asher MA, Burton DC, Liu W. Treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with quantified trunk rotational strength training: a pilot study. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008;21(5):349–58. View study ↗
Haefeli M, Elfering A, Kilian R, Min K, Boos N. Nonoperative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10- to 60-year follow-up with special reference to health-related quality of life. Spine. 2006;31(3):355–66. View study ↗
Kuru T, Yeldan İ, Dereli EE, Özdinçler AR, Dikici F, Çolak İ. The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30(2):181–90. View study ↗
Białek M. Mild angle early onset idiopathic scoliosis children avoid progression under FITS method (Functional Individual Therapy of Scoliosis). Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(20):e863. View study ↗
Noh DK, You JS, Koh JH, et al. Effects of novel corrective spinal technique on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as assessed by radiographic imaging. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2014;27(3):331–8. View study ↗
Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB. Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(16):1512–21. View study ↗

SOSORT resources

SOSORT — International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment Visit resource ↗
2011 SOSORT International Guidelines (foundational resource) Visit resource ↗
Practical table guiding level of recommended treatment in scoliosis (2011 SOSORT Guidelines) Visit resource ↗
2016 SOSORT International Guidelines Visit resource ↗

Scoliosis industry publications

Farooqui S, et al. Effects of spinal mobilization techniques in the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis — a meta-analysis. Int J Health Sci. 2018.
Laita L, et al. Effects of corrective, therapeutic exercise techniques on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018;116(4).
Li X, et al. Effect of core-based exercise in people with scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2020. View study ↗
Park JH, et al. Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018. View study ↗
Schreiber S, Parent E, Hill H, Hedden D, Moreau M, Southon S. How much change in the Cobb angle is needed for the patient to observe positive change in their backs following a Schroth intervention? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019. View study ↗
Zapata KA, Sucato DJ, Jo CH. Physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises may reduce curve progression in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2019.

This page is provided for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Research findings describe the populations studied; individual results vary. Always consult a qualified clinician about your specific condition.

The published science behind structural spine care.

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